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1829 braille — Wikipedia (en)

Source: Wikipedia (en)
Original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829_braille
License (as archived): CC-BY-SA-4.0
Archived: 2026-10-08T13:19:33.708Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: 97116b14adc66d62c8a90b5d5561b0a6b9d410cd1172fef2ba6a726981e27d6e
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_faecdb36553d

How to cite

1829 braille — Wikipedia (en) — Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829_braille (CC-BY-SA-4.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_faecdb36553d (Metraipolis archive dc_faecdb36553d, sha256 97116b14adc66d62c8a90b5d5561b0a6b9d410cd1172fef2ba6a726981e27d6e)

BibTeX

@misc{dcfaecdb36553d,
  title = {1829 braille — Wikipedia (en)},
  howpublished = {Wikipedia (en)},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829_braille},
  note = {License CC-BY-SA-4.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_faecdb36553d; sha256 97116b14adc66d62c8a90b5d5561b0a6b9d410cd1172fef2ba6a726981e27d6e},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC-BY-SA-4.0. Attribution: Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829_braille. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

Louis Braille's original publication, Procedure for Writing Words, Music, and Plainsong in Dots (1829), credits Barbier's night writing as being the basis for the braille script. It differed in a fundamental way from modern braille: It contained nine decades (series) of characters rather than the modern five, utilizing dashes as well as dots. Braille recognized, however, that the dashes were problematic, being difficult to distinguish from the dots in practice, and those characters were abandoned in the second edition of the book. The first four decades indicated the 40 letters of the alphabet (39 letters of the French alphabet, plus English w); the fifth the digits; the sixth punctuation; and the seventh and part of the eighth mathematical symbols. The seventh decade was also used for musical notes. Most of the remaining characters were unassigned.

Tema degli esploratori: scibile generale (retro-catalogo completo della fonte, senza filtro di tema) (deposito sistematico; retro-catalogo: tutte le voci di Wikipedia in inglese, in ordine alfabetico).
Fonte: Wikipedia in inglese, voce «1829 braille» — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829_braille
Wikidata Q4554291 (dati Wikidata in CC0 1.0) — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4554291
Autori: i contributori di Wikipedia (cronologia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829_braille?action=history).
Licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Il riuso richiede attribuzione e stessa licenza.
Estratto dell'introduzione non modificato nel contenuto; revisione 1361643843, consultata il 2026-10-08T13:10:35.159Z tramite l'API ufficiale di Wikipedia. Impronta SHA-256 dell'estratto: 51f52ae4c564f9fb3a07f8b57432f4263c594029a77fdab1d735f5559114e48c