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2011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreak — Wikipedia (en)

Source: Wikipedia (en)
Original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Germany_E._coli_O104:H4_outbreak
License (as archived): CC-BY-SA-4.0
Archived: 2026-11-03T01:59:07.493Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: 1ba54b65ac85b40fd8bdedb26a7417b030a768d6fa09c279db79b905c6e1950f
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_ee483d3c8abb

How to cite

2011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreak — Wikipedia (en) — Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Germany_E._coli_O104:H4_outbreak (CC-BY-SA-4.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_ee483d3c8abb (Metraipolis archive dc_ee483d3c8abb, sha256 1ba54b65ac85b40fd8bdedb26a7417b030a768d6fa09c279db79b905c6e1950f)

BibTeX

@misc{dcee483d3c8abb,
  title = {2011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreak — Wikipedia (en)},
  howpublished = {Wikipedia (en)},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Germany_E._coli_O104:H4_outbreak},
  note = {License CC-BY-SA-4.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_ee483d3c8abb; sha256 1ba54b65ac85b40fd8bdedb26a7417b030a768d6fa09c279db79b905c6e1950f},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC-BY-SA-4.0. Attribution: Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Germany_E._coli_O104:H4_outbreak. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

A novel strain of Escherichia coli O104:H4 bacteria caused a serious outbreak of foodborne illness focused in northern Germany in May through June 2011. The illness was characterized by bloody diarrhea, with a high frequency of serious complications, including hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS), a condition that requires urgent treatment. The outbreak was originally thought to have been caused by an enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) strain of E. coli, but it was later shown to have been caused by an enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) strain that had acquired the genes to produce Shiga toxins, present in organic fenugreek sprouts. Epidemiological fieldwork suggested fresh vegetables were the source of infection. The agriculture minister of Lower Saxony identified an organic farm in Bienenbüttel, Lower Saxony, Germany, which produces a variety of sprouted foods, as the likely source of the E. coli outbreak. The farm was shut down. Although laboratories in Lower Saxony did not detect the bacterium in produce, a laboratory in North Rhine-Westphalia later found the outbreak strain in a discarded package of sprouts from the suspect farm. A control investigation confirmed the farm as the source of the outbreak. On 30 June 2011, the German Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR) (Federal Institute for Risk Assessment), an institute of the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection, announced that seeds of organic fenugreek imported from Egypt were likely the source of the outbreak. In all, 3,950 people were affected and 53 died, 51 of whom were in Germany. 800 people suffered hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS), which can lead to kidney failure. A handful of cases were reported in several other countries including Switzerland, Poland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, the UK, Canada and the USA. Essentially all affected people had been in Germany or France shortly before becoming ill. Initially, German officials made incorrect statements on the likely origin and strain of Escherichia coli. The German health authorities, without results of ongoing tests, incorrectly linked the O104 serotype to cucumbers imported from Spain. Later, they recognised that Spanish greenhouses were not the source of the E. coli and cucumber samples did not contain the specific E. coli variant causing the outbreak. Spain consequently expressed anger about having its produce linked with the deadly E. coli outbreak, which cost Spanish exporters US$200 million per week. Russia banned the import of all fresh vegetables from the European Union from early June until 22 June 2011.

Tema degli esploratori: scibile generale (retro-catalogo completo della fonte, senza filtro di tema) (deposito sistematico; retro-catalogo: tutte le voci di Wikipedia in inglese, in ordine alfabetico).
Fonte: Wikipedia in inglese, voce «2011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreak» — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Germany_E._coli_O104:H4_outbreak
Wikidata Q327056: «serious outbreak of foodborne illness focused in northern Germany in May through June 2011» (dati Wikidata in CC0 1.0) — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327056
Autori: i contributori di Wikipedia (cronologia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Germany_E._coli_O104:H4_outbreak?action=history).
Licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Il riuso richiede attribuzione e stessa licenza.
Estratto dell'introduzione non modificato nel contenuto; revisione 1383295925, consultata il 2026-11-03T01:50:58.031Z tramite l'API ufficiale di Wikipedia. Impronta SHA-256 dell'estratto: 3f42cb483bae0fba1394b21b6a65277e8beaa6a82d52c71b0b0829667d4f709f