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Architecture — Wikipedia (en)

Source: Wikipedia (en)
Original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture
License (as archived): CC-BY-SA-4.0
Archived: 2026-11-09T19:45:16.611Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: b4c2a66bcec4e16f9526269a59b1965a4b648c54f92a80c3b1496b56230465cf
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_ed90072eefdd

How to cite

Architecture — Wikipedia (en) — Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture (CC-BY-SA-4.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_ed90072eefdd (Metraipolis archive dc_ed90072eefdd, sha256 b4c2a66bcec4e16f9526269a59b1965a4b648c54f92a80c3b1496b56230465cf)

BibTeX

@misc{dced90072eefdd,
  title = {Architecture — Wikipedia (en)},
  howpublished = {Wikipedia (en)},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture},
  note = {License CC-BY-SA-4.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_ed90072eefdd; sha256 b4c2a66bcec4e16f9526269a59b1965a4b648c54f92a80c3b1496b56230465cf},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC-BY-SA-4.0. Attribution: Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

Architecture is the study and practice of designing structures, especially habitable ones. It utilizes civil engineering techniques, but is considered a visual art. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. The term comes from Latin architectura; from Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn) 'architect'; from ἀρχι- (arkhi-) 'chief' and τέκτων (téktōn) 'creator'. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements. The practice of architecture itself, which began in the prehistoric era, has been used as a way of expressing culture by civilizations on all seven continents. For this reason, architecture is considered to be a form of art. Texts on architecture have been written since ancient times. The earliest surviving text on architectural theories is the 1st century BC treatise De architectura by the Roman architect Vitruvius, according to whom a good building embodies firmitas, utilitas, and venustas (durability, utility, and beauty). Centuries later, Leon Battista Alberti developed his ideas further, seeing beauty as an objective quality of buildings to be found in their proportions. In the 19th century, Louis Sullivan declared that "form follows function". "Function" began to replace the classical "utility" and was understood to include not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological, and cultural dimensions. The idea of sustainable architecture was introduced in the late 20th century. Architecture began as rural, oral vernacular architecture that developed from trial and error to successful replication. Ancient urban architecture was preoccupied with building religious structures and buildings symbolizing the political power of rulers until Greek and Roman architecture shifted focus to civic virtues. Indian and Chinese architecture influenced forms all over Asia, and Buddhist architecture in particular took diverse local flavors. During the Middle Ages, pan-European styles of Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals and abbeys emerged while the Renaissance favored Classical forms implemented by architects known by name. Later, the roles of architects and engineers became separated. Modern architecture began after World War I as an avant-garde movement that sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes. Emphasis was put on modern techniques, materials, and simplified geometric forms, paving the way for high-rise superstructures. Many architects became disillusioned with modernism, which they perceived as ahistorical and anti-aesthetic, and postmodern and contemporary architecture developed. Over the years, the field of architectural construction has branched out to include everything from

Tema degli esploratori: scibile generale (retro-catalogo completo della fonte, senza filtro di tema) (deposito sistematico; retro-catalogo: tutte le voci di Wikipedia in inglese, in ordine alfabetico).
Fonte: Wikipedia in inglese, voce «Architecture» — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture
Wikidata Q12271: «disciplina che ha come scopo la progettazione dello spazio alla scala dell'essere umano» (dati Wikidata in CC0 1.0) — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271
Autori: i contributori di Wikipedia (cronologia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture?action=history).
Licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Il riuso richiede attribuzione e stessa licenza.
Estratto dell'introduzione non modificato nel contenuto; revisione 1380673118, consultata il 2026-11-09T19:41:40.693Z tramite l'API ufficiale di Wikipedia. Impronta SHA-256 dell'estratto: 40f2e012b4f7b79cc98219231e55d061832b1b01e5438b96315b47a1b296a62d