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Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu — Wikipedia (en)

Source: Wikipedia (en)
Original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Hindi_agitations_of_Tamil_Nadu
License (as archived): CC-BY-SA-4.0
Archived: 2026-11-09T14:08:07.491Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: 15ac71c59ddac1fa3942172c9cd09822b28956a4d8490309c68c5b8f54cb8a24
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_ec222575e722

How to cite

Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu — Wikipedia (en) — Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Hindi_agitations_of_Tamil_Nadu (CC-BY-SA-4.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_ec222575e722 (Metraipolis archive dc_ec222575e722, sha256 15ac71c59ddac1fa3942172c9cd09822b28956a4d8490309c68c5b8f54cb8a24)

BibTeX

@misc{dcec222575e722,
  title = {Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu — Wikipedia (en)},
  howpublished = {Wikipedia (en)},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Hindi_agitations_of_Tamil_Nadu},
  note = {License CC-BY-SA-4.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_ec222575e722; sha256 15ac71c59ddac1fa3942172c9cd09822b28956a4d8490309c68c5b8f54cb8a24},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC-BY-SA-4.0. Attribution: Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Hindi_agitations_of_Tamil_Nadu. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

The anti-Hindi agitations in Tamil Nadu have been ongoing intermittently in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu (formerly Madras State and part of Madras Presidency) since the early 20th century. The agitations involve several mass protests, riots, student and political movements in Tamil Nadu concerning the official status of Hindi in the state. The first agitation was launched in 1937, to protest the introduction of compulsory teaching of Hindi in the schools of Madras Presidency by the first Indian National Congress (INC) government led by C. Rajagopalachari. This faced immediate opposition by Soma Sundara Bharathiyar, E. V. Ramasamy (later known as 'Periyar') and the opposition Justice Party. The three-year-long agitation was multifaceted and involved fasts, conferences, marches, picketing and protests. Government crackdown resulted in the deaths of two protesters and the arrests of 1,198 persons (including women and children). After the government resigned in 1939, the mandatory Hindi education was withdrawn in 1940. After India's independence from the United Kingdom, the adoption of an official language for the (to be) Republic was a hotly debated issue during the framing of the Indian Constitution. Succeeding an exhaustive and divisive debate, Hindi was adopted as the official language of India with English continuing as an associate official language for a pre-set period of 15 years. After the new Constitution came into effect on 26 January 1950, many non-Hindi States opposed efforts by the Union government to make Hindi the sole official language after 26 January 1965. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), a descendant of the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK) in the then Madras State, led the opposition to Hindi. To allay their fears, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru enacted the Official Languages Act in 1963 to ensure the use of English beyond 1965. Still, there were apprehensions that his assurances might not be honoured by successive governments. As 26 January 1965 approached, the anti-Hindi movement gained momentum in Madras State with increased support from college students. On 25 January, a minor altercation between agitating students and INC party members triggered a full-scale riot in Madurai, eventually spreading all over the State. The riots (marked by violence, arson, looting, police firing and lathi charges) continued unabated for the next two months. Paramilitary involvement (on the request of the State government headed by INC) resulted in the deaths of about 70 people (by official estimates) including two policemen. To calm the situation, the then Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri assured that English would continue as the official language as long as the non-Hindi States wanted. The riots and student agitation subsided after this. The agitations led to major political changes in the state. The DMK won the 1967 assembly election and the INC never managed to recapture power in the state since then. The Official Languages Act was ev

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Fonte: Wikipedia in inglese, voce «Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu» — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Hindi_agitations_of_Tamil_Nadu
Wikidata Q2916315: «social movement against Hindi in Tamil Nadu» (dati Wikidata in CC0 1.0) — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916315
Autori: i contributori di Wikipedia (cronologia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Hindi_agitations_of_Tamil_Nadu?action=history).
Licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Il riuso richiede attribuzione e stessa licenza.
Estratto dell'introduzione non modificato nel contenuto; revisione 1376765391, consultata il 2026-11-09T14:04:47.396Z tramite l'API ufficiale di Wikipedia. Impronta SHA-256 dell'estratto: 45638cf8a0737064fb1a41df4df698ee2360acdd154d87c24a722d670167645c