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Alejandro Peña Esclusa — Wikipedia (en)

Source: Wikipedia (en)
Original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Pe%C3%B1a_Esclusa
License (as archived): CC-BY-SA-4.0
Archived: 2026-11-08T05:14:53.580Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: 272ff4d9ed85910d8be0a17d3b9af0c1cd8eafa0719d8a70e73b7f4540db3331
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_ebe49c831746

How to cite

Alejandro Peña Esclusa — Wikipedia (en) — Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Pe%C3%B1a_Esclusa (CC-BY-SA-4.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_ebe49c831746 (Metraipolis archive dc_ebe49c831746, sha256 272ff4d9ed85910d8be0a17d3b9af0c1cd8eafa0719d8a70e73b7f4540db3331)

BibTeX

@misc{dcebe49c831746,
  title = {Alejandro Peña Esclusa — Wikipedia (en)},
  howpublished = {Wikipedia (en)},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Pe%C3%B1a_Esclusa},
  note = {License CC-BY-SA-4.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_ebe49c831746; sha256 272ff4d9ed85910d8be0a17d3b9af0c1cd8eafa0719d8a70e73b7f4540db3331},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC-BY-SA-4.0. Attribution: Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Pe%C3%B1a_Esclusa. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

Alejandro Peña Esclusa (born 3 July 1954) is a Venezuelan writer and political consultant. He is a mechanical engineer by profession, graduated in 1977 from the Universidad Simón Bolívar, in Caracas. He studied financial administration at the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración in Caracas, in 1981, and completed a master's degree in security and defense at the Instituto de Altos Estudios de Defensa Nacional de Venezuela, in 1987. He is president of the NGO Fuerza Solidaria and founder of the Unión de Organizaciones Democráticas de América (UnoAmerica). Peña Esclusa was a candidate for the presidency of Venezuela in 1998. He was an early critic of Hugo Chávez's links with the Cuban government and the Colombian guerrilla. He was imprisoned in El Helicoide without trial in 2010, which was criticized by human rights activists as politically motivated. He was released the following year following international pressure, but with a ban on leaving the country, carrying a passport, expressing an opinion on any subject, using social networks and engaging in political activities. His case was presented before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and before the International Criminal Court in The Hague. Peña Esclusa has written five books about the São Paulo Forum. He supports consolidation of democracies to counteract the forum and advocates Ibero-American integration.

Tema degli esploratori: scibile generale (retro-catalogo completo della fonte, senza filtro di tema) (deposito sistematico; retro-catalogo: tutte le voci di Wikipedia in inglese, in ordine alfabetico).
Fonte: Wikipedia in inglese, voce «Alejandro Peña Esclusa» — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Pe%C3%B1a_Esclusa
Wikidata Q1130673: «politico venezuelano» (dati Wikidata in CC0 1.0) — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130673
Autori: i contributori di Wikipedia (cronologia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Pe%C3%B1a_Esclusa?action=history).
Licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Il riuso richiede attribuzione e stessa licenza.
Estratto dell'introduzione non modificato nel contenuto; revisione 1376551771, consultata il 2026-11-08T05:09:13.417Z tramite l'API ufficiale di Wikipedia. Impronta SHA-256 dell'estratto: c1387e824acaf4688c3e0380db5eab7f6e3bf854b0e71fc5ef9368279370dcfc