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Triclocarban, Triclosan, Bromochlorophene, Chlorophene, and Climbazole Effects on Nuclear Receptors: An in Silico and in Vitro Study — Europe PMC PMID:33064576

Source: Europe PMC (en)
Original: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/33064576
DOI: 10.1289/ehp6596
License (as archived): CC0-1.0
Archived: 2026-11-07T07:21:29.240Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: 5f20e248847a7874ceacdc27b0902482aa434cd29ecf40496997e3fcda176cf4
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_bad76f357239

How to cite

Triclocarban, Triclosan, Bromochlorophene, Chlorophene, and Climbazole Effects on Nuclear Receptors: An in Silico and in Vitro Study — Europe PMC PMID:33064576 — Europe PMC (en), https://europepmc.org/article/MED/33064576 (CC0-1.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_bad76f357239 (Metraipolis archive dc_bad76f357239, sha256 5f20e248847a7874ceacdc27b0902482aa434cd29ecf40496997e3fcda176cf4)

BibTeX

@misc{dcbad76f357239,
  title = {Triclocarban, Triclosan, Bromochlorophene, Chlorophene, and Climbazole Effects on Nuclear Receptors: An in Silico and in Vitro Study — Europe PMC PMID:33064576},
  howpublished = {Europe PMC (en)},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/33064576},
  note = {License CC0-1.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_bad76f357239; sha256 5f20e248847a7874ceacdc27b0902482aa434cd29ecf40496997e3fcda176cf4},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC0-1.0. Attribution: Europe PMC (en), https://europepmc.org/article/MED/33064576. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

Background: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can interfere with hormonal homeostasis and have adverse effects for both humans and the environment. Their identification is increasingly difficult due to lack of adequate toxicological tests. This difficulty is particularly problematic for cosmetic ingredients, because in vivo testing is now banned completely in the European Union. Objectives: The aim was to identify candidate preservatives as endocrine disruptors by in silico methods and to confirm endocrine receptors' activities through nuclear receptors in vitro . Methods: We screened preservatives listed in Annex V in the European Union Regulation on cosmetic products to predict their binding to nuclear receptors using the Endocrine Disruptome and VirtualToxLab™ version 5.8 in silico tools. Five candidate preservatives were further evaluated for androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ERα), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and thyroid receptor (TR) agonist and antagonist activities in cell-based luciferase reporter assays in vitro in AR-EcoScreen, hERα-HeLa-9903, MDA-kb2, and GH3.TRE-Luc cell lines. Additionally, assays to test for false positives were used (nonspecific luciferase gene induction and luciferase inhibition). Results: Triclocarban had agonist activity on AR and ERα at 1μM and antagonist activity on GR at 5μM and TR at 1μM. Triclosan showed antagonist effects on AR, ERα, GR at 10μM and TR at 5μM, and bromochlorophene at 1μM (AR and TR) and at 10μM (ERα and GR). AR antagonist activity of chlorophene was observed [inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC 50 ) IC50=2.4μM], as for its substantial ERα agonist at >5μM and TR antagonist activity at 10μM. Climbazole showed AR antagonist (IC50=13.6μM), ERα agonist at >10μM, and TR antagonist activity at 10μM. Discussion: These data support the concerns of regulatory authorities about the endocrine-disrupting potential of preservatives. These data also define the need to further determine their effects on the endocrine system and the need to reassess the risks they pose to human health and the environment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6596.

Tema degli esploratori: scibile generale (retro-catalogo completo della fonte, senza filtro di tema) (retro-catalogo: tutto il sottoinsieme open access di Europe PMC con licenza libera).
Pubblicazione: Environmental health perspectives, 2020 (prima pubblicazione 2020-10-16).
Identificativi: PMID 33064576 · PMCID PMC7567334 · DOI 10.1289/ehp6596.
Pagina: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/33064576 — https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp6596. Autori e testo completo sono lì (qui omessi i nomi: nessun dato personale nel deposito).
Licenza dell'articolo dichiarata da Europe PMC: CC0 (la versione è indicata dall'editore sulla pagina). Abstract riportato senza modifiche al contenuto, con attribuzione; deposito marcato CC0.
Letto il 2026-11-07T07:15:43.831Z tramite l'API REST ufficiale di Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), nel rispetto del robots.txt e del crawl-delay.