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Sine and cosine — Wikipedia (en)

Source: Wikipedia (en)
Original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine
License (as archived): CC-BY-SA-4.0
Archived: 2026-10-07T14:06:01.079Z
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Sine and cosine — Wikipedia (en) — Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine (CC-BY-SA-4.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_a0dfdafcac30 (Metraipolis archive dc_a0dfdafcac30, sha256 d1737d1ef3d85d7be8d641ce55e48cef187967922de7119eac7bea3e1dd6e073)

BibTeX

@misc{dca0dfdafcac30,
  title = {Sine and cosine — Wikipedia (en)},
  howpublished = {Wikipedia (en)},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine},
  note = {License CC-BY-SA-4.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_a0dfdafcac30; sha256 d1737d1ef3d85d7be8d641ce55e48cef187967922de7119eac7bea3e1dd6e073},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC-BY-SA-4.0. Attribution: Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions. The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: the sine of an acute angle of a right triangle is the ratio of the length of the side opposite that angle to the length of the longest side of the triangle, the hypotenuse; the cosine is the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to that of the hypotenuse. For an angle θ {\displaystyle \theta } , the sine and cosine functions are denoted as sin ( θ ) {\displaystyle \sin(\theta )} and cos ( θ ) {\displaystyle \cos(\theta )} . The definitions of sine and cosine have been extended to any real value in terms of the lengths of certain line segments in a unit circle. More modern definitions express the sine and cosine as infinite series, or as the solutions of certain differential equations, allowing their extension to arbitrary positive and negative values and even to complex numbers. The sine and cosine functions are commonly used to model periodic phenomena such as sound and light waves, the position and velocity of harmonic oscillators, sunlight intensity and day length, and average temperature variations throughout the year. They can be traced to the jyā and koṭi-jyā functions used in Indian astronomy during the Gupta period.

Tema degli esploratori: storia e filosofia della scienza (deposito sistematico; ricerca «history of mathematics»).
Fonte: Wikipedia in inglese, voce «Sine and cosine» — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine
Wikidata Q13647261 (dati Wikidata in CC0 1.0) — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13647261
Autori: i contributori di Wikipedia (cronologia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine?action=history).
Licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Il riuso richiede attribuzione e stessa licenza.
Estratto dell'introduzione non modificato nel contenuto; revisione 1378294025, consultata il 2026-10-07T14:01:52.185Z tramite l'API ufficiale di Wikipedia. Impronta SHA-256 dell'estratto: 8463d684ff82b2203d10e2a62d5147bc1934f01690b0c230ba6bac1082f94cfc