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Gas constant — Wikipedia (en)

Source: Wikipedia (en)
Original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_constant
License (as archived): CC-BY-SA-4.0
Archived: 2026-10-07T12:16:20.733Z
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Gas constant — Wikipedia (en) — Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_constant (CC-BY-SA-4.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_9a67f58ea0ce (Metraipolis archive dc_9a67f58ea0ce, sha256 a658360a78bb77e208ba65cce77de5b3d3fed379ddea622b683ef5e5a6ad6d01)

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@misc{dc9a67f58ea0ce,
  title = {Gas constant — Wikipedia (en)},
  howpublished = {Wikipedia (en)},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_constant},
  note = {License CC-BY-SA-4.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_9a67f58ea0ce; sha256 a658360a78bb77e208ba65cce77de5b3d3fed379ddea622b683ef5e5a6ad6d01},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC-BY-SA-4.0. Attribution: Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_constant. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

The molar gas constant (also known as the gas constant, universal gas constant, or ideal gas constant) is denoted by the symbol R or R. It is the molar equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per amount of substance, rather than energy per temperature increment per particle. The constant is also a combination of the constants from Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-Lussac's law. It is a physical constant that is featured in many fundamental equations in the physical sciences, such as the ideal gas law, the Arrhenius equation, and the Nernst equation. The gas constant is the constant of proportionality that relates the energy scale in physics to the temperature scale and the scale used for amount of substance. Thus, the value of the gas constant ultimately derives from historical decisions and accidents in the setting of units of energy, temperature and amount of substance. The Boltzmann constant and the Avogadro constant were similarly determined, which separately relate energy to temperature and particle count to amount of substance. The gas constant R is defined as the Avogadro constant NA multiplied by the Boltzmann constant k (or kB): R = N A k = 6.02214076 ⋅ 10 23 mol − 1 ⋅ 1.380649 ⋅ 10 − 23 J ⋅ K − 1 = 8.31446261815324 J ⋅ K − 1 ⋅ mol − 1 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}R&=N_{\text{A}}k\\&=6.02214076\cdot 10^{23}{\text{mol}}^{-1}\cdot 1.380649\cdot 10^{-23}{\text{J}}\cdot {\text{K}}^{-1}\\&=8.31446261815324\ {\text{J}}\cdot {\text{K}}^{-1}\cdot {\text{mol}}^{-1}\end{aligned}}} Since the 2019 revision of the SI, both NA and k are defined with exact numerical values when expressed in SI units. As a consequence, the SI value of the molar gas constant is exact. Some have suggested that it might be appropriate to name the symbol R the Regnault constant in honour of the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault, whose accurate experimental data were used to calculate the early value of the constant. However, the origin of the letter R to represent the constant is elusive. The universal gas constant was apparently introduced independently by August Friedrich Horstmann (1873) and Dmitri Mendeleev who reported it first on 12 September 1874. Using his extensive measurements of the properties of gases, Mendeleev also calculated it with high precision, within 0.3% of its modern value. The gas constant occurs in the ideal gas law: P V = n R T = m R specific T , {\displaystyle PV=nRT=mR_{\text{specific}}T,} where P is the absolute pressure, V is the volume of gas, n is the amount of substance, m is the mass, and T is the thermodynamic temperature. Rspecific is the mass-specific gas constant. The gas constant is expressed in the same unit as molar heat.

Tema degli esploratori: fisica e astronomia (deposito sistematico; categoria «Statistical mechanics»).
Fonte: Wikipedia in inglese, voce «Gas constant» — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_constant
Wikidata Q182333 (dati Wikidata in CC0 1.0) — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182333
Autori: i contributori di Wikipedia (cronologia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_constant?action=history).
Licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Il riuso richiede attribuzione e stessa licenza.
Estratto dell'introduzione non modificato nel contenuto; revisione 1365471329, consultata il 2026-10-07T11:48:44.844Z tramite l'API ufficiale di Wikipedia. Impronta SHA-256 dell'estratto: 73e3b9c903a7aa720920bcfb2c52c4a8f426d35cc03f7452dc35fccfcda577b3