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Associations of Exposure to Air Pollution during the Male Programming Window and Mini-Puberty with Anogenital Distance and Penile Width at Birth and at 1 Year… — Europe PMC PMID:37966231

Source: Europe PMC (en)
Original: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/37966231
DOI: 10.1289/ehp12627
License (as archived): CC0-1.0
Archived: 2026-10-07T11:59:05.328Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: 38b58578a0578d07f88406c64e7a41bf963d0857b0563e8f0ce6cdadc1a60e15
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_7aaed809cfbb

How to cite

Associations of Exposure to Air Pollution during the Male Programming Window and Mini-Puberty with Anogenital Distance and Penile Width at Birth and at 1 Year… — Europe PMC PMID:37966231 — Europe PMC (en), https://europepmc.org/article/MED/37966231 (CC0-1.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_7aaed809cfbb (Metraipolis archive dc_7aaed809cfbb, sha256 38b58578a0578d07f88406c64e7a41bf963d0857b0563e8f0ce6cdadc1a60e15)

BibTeX

@misc{dc7aaed809cfbb,
  title = {Associations of Exposure to Air Pollution during the Male Programming Window and Mini-Puberty with Anogenital Distance and Penile Width at Birth and at 1 Year… — Europe PMC PMID:37966231},
  howpublished = {Europe PMC (en)},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/37966231},
  note = {License CC0-1.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_7aaed809cfbb; sha256 38b58578a0578d07f88406c64e7a41bf963d0857b0563e8f0ce6cdadc1a60e15},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC0-1.0. Attribution: Europe PMC (en), https://europepmc.org/article/MED/37966231. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

Background: Ambient air pollution may be a developmental endocrine disruptor. In animal models, gestational and perinatal exposure to diesel exhaust and concentrated particulate matter alters anogenital distance (AGD), a marker of prenatal androgen activity, in both sexes. Little is known in humans. Objectives: We examined exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in relation to human AGD at birth and at 1 year of age, focusing on exposures during critical windows of reproductive development: the male programming window (MPW; gestational weeks 8-14) and mini-puberty (postnatal months 1-3). Methods: The Infant Development and Environment Study (TIDES) recruited first trimester pregnant women (n=687) at four U.S. sites (Minneapolis, Minnesota; Rochester, New York; San Francisco, California; and Seattle, Washington) from 2010 to 2012. We measured anus to clitoris (AGD-AC) and anus to fourchette (AGD-AF) in female infants at birth; in males, we measured anus to penis (AGD-AP), anus to scrotum (AGD-AS), and penile width at birth and at 1 year of age. Using advanced spatiotemporal models, we estimated maternal exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 in the MPW and mini-puberty. Covariate-adjusted, sex-stratified linear regression models examined associations between PM2.5 and NO2 and AGD. Results: In males, a 1-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure during the MPW was associated with shorter AGD at birth, but a longer AGD at 1 year of age (e.g., birth AGD-AP: β=-0.35mm; 95% CI: -0.62, -0.07; AGD-AS: β=0.37mm; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.73). Mini-pubertal PM2.5 exposure was also associated with shorter male AGD-AP (β=-0.50mm; 95% CI: -0.89, -0.11) at 1 year of age. Although not associated with male AGD measures, 1-ppb increases in NO2 exposure during the MPW (β=-0.07mm; 95% CI: -0.02, -0.12) and mini-puberty (β=-0.04mm; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.01) were both associated with smaller penile width at 1 year of age. Results were similar in multipollutant models, where we also observed that in females AGD-AC was inversely associated with PM2.5 exposure, but positively associated with NO2 exposure. Discussion: PM2.5 and NO2 exposures during critical pre- and postnatal windows may disrupt reproductive development. More work is needed to confirm these novel results and clarify mechanisms. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12627.

Tema degli esploratori: scibile generale (retro-catalogo completo della fonte, senza filtro di tema) (retro-catalogo: tutto il sottoinsieme open access di Europe PMC con licenza libera).
Pubblicazione: Environmental health perspectives, 2023 (prima pubblicazione 2023-11-15).
Identificativi: PMID 37966231 · PMCID PMC10648757 · DOI 10.1289/ehp12627.
Descrittori MeSH principali: Penis; Air Pollution.
Pagina: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/37966231 — https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp12627. Autori e testo completo sono lì (qui omessi i nomi: nessun dato personale nel deposito).
Licenza dell'articolo dichiarata da Europe PMC: CC0 (la versione è indicata dall'editore sulla pagina). Abstract riportato senza modifiche al contenuto, con attribuzione; deposito marcato CC0.
Letto il 2026-10-07T11:29:04.393Z tramite l'API REST ufficiale di Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), nel rispetto del robots.txt e del crawl-delay.