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Pagan Kingdom — Wikipedia (en)

Source: Wikipedia (en)
Original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom
License (as archived): CC-BY-SA-4.0
Archived: 2026-10-31T08:10:38.031Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: d43c6762c3255873d11599d9d5f3dc9a11a002739824be18859b364d21fa3892
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_73dfdabff91a

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Pagan Kingdom — Wikipedia (en) — Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom (CC-BY-SA-4.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_73dfdabff91a (Metraipolis archive dc_73dfdabff91a, sha256 d43c6762c3255873d11599d9d5f3dc9a11a002739824be18859b364d21fa3892)

BibTeX

@misc{dc73dfdabff91a,
  title = {Pagan Kingdom — Wikipedia (en)},
  howpublished = {Wikipedia (en)},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom},
  note = {License CC-BY-SA-4.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_73dfdabff91a; sha256 d43c6762c3255873d11599d9d5f3dc9a11a002739824be18859b364d21fa3892},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC-BY-SA-4.0. Attribution: Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

The Pagan Kingdom (Burmese: ပုဂံပြည် Băgam pyi [bəɡàɰ̃ pji]; lit. 'Bagan state'), also called Bagan Empire (ပုဂံဧကရာဇ်နိုင်ငံတော်) or the First Burmese Empire, was the first Burmese kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-day Myanmar. Pagan's 250-year rule over the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery laid the foundation for the ascent of Burmese language and culture, the spread of Bamar ethnicity in Upper Myanmar, and the growth of Theravada Buddhism in Myanmar and in mainland Southeast Asia. The kingdom grew out of a small 9th-century settlement at Pagan by the Mranma people, the predecessor to the modern Bamar ethnicity. Over the next two hundred years, the small principality gradually grew to absorb its surrounding regions until the 1050s and 1060s when King Anawrahta founded the Pagan Empire, presumably for the first time unifying under one polity the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery. By the late 12th century, Anawrahta's successors had extended their influence farther to the south into the upper Malay Peninsula, to the east at least to the Salween River, in the farther north to below the current China border, and to the west, in northern Arakan and the Chin Hills. In the 12th and 13th centuries, Pagan, alongside the Khmer Empire, was one of two main empires in mainland Southeast Asia. The Burmese language and culture gradually became dominant in the upper Irrawaddy valley, eclipsing the Pyu, Mon and Pali norms by the late 12th century. Theravada Buddhism slowly began to spread to the village level although Vajrayana, Mahayana, Brahmanic, and animist practices remained heavily entrenched at all social strata. Pagan's rulers built over 10,000 Buddhist temples in the Bagan Archaeological Zone of which over 2,000 remain. The wealthy donated tax-free land to religious authorities. The kingdom went into decline in the mid-13th century as the continuous growth of tax-free religious wealth by the 1280s had severely affected the crown's ability to retain the loyalty of courtiers and military servicemen. This ushered in a vicious circle of internal disorders and external challenges by the Arakanese, Mons, Mongols and Shans. Repeated Mongol invasions (1277–1301) toppled the four-century-old kingdom in 1287. The collapse was followed by 250 years of political fragmentation that lasted well into the 16th century.

Tema degli esploratori: fiducia digitale e crittografia (deposito sistematico; ricerca «EdDSA»).
Fonte: Wikipedia in inglese, voce «Pagan Kingdom» — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom
Wikidata Q888574: «former country» (dati Wikidata in CC0 1.0) — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q888574
Autori: i contributori di Wikipedia (cronologia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom?action=history).
Licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Il riuso richiede attribuzione e stessa licenza.
Estratto dell'introduzione non modificato nel contenuto; revisione 1382609329, consultata il 2026-10-31T07:58:14.400Z tramite l'API ufficiale di Wikipedia. Impronta SHA-256 dell'estratto: 2bf99573bcf9a74a66db41704bb3fc3e988d70c23ad4af1630a34a16fdba0ccf