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Alexander Parvus — Wikipedia (en)

Source: Wikipedia (en)
Original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Parvus
License (as archived): CC-BY-SA-4.0
Archived: 2026-11-08T07:46:43.737Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: 5bef129866677a3461be7e4f6ba83a7297bc7eb60d78fe82ea4e3f017ca7868f
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_65fbffa7adca

How to cite

Alexander Parvus — Wikipedia (en) — Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Parvus (CC-BY-SA-4.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_65fbffa7adca (Metraipolis archive dc_65fbffa7adca, sha256 5bef129866677a3461be7e4f6ba83a7297bc7eb60d78fe82ea4e3f017ca7868f)

BibTeX

@misc{dc65fbffa7adca,
  title = {Alexander Parvus — Wikipedia (en)},
  howpublished = {Wikipedia (en)},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Parvus},
  note = {License CC-BY-SA-4.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_65fbffa7adca; sha256 5bef129866677a3461be7e4f6ba83a7297bc7eb60d78fe82ea4e3f017ca7868f},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC-BY-SA-4.0. Attribution: Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Parvus. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

Alexander Israel Helphand (born Israel Lazarevich Gelfand, Russian: Израиль Лазаревич Гельфанд; 27 August 1867 – 12 December 1924), better known as Alexander Parvus, was a Russian-born Marxist theorist, journalist, and activist who became a prominent figure in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Parvus has become best known for his collaboration with Leon Trotsky in developing the theory of permanent revolution around 1905, and for his controversial role during World War I: he devised a plan to destabilize the Russian Empire by promoting internal revolution, which he presented to the German government. With financial support from the German government, he established a network to aid the Bolsheviks and is widely remembered for his part in arranging Vladimir Lenin and associates to return to Russia from exile in the "sealed train" in April 1917. After the Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd in November 1917, Lenin rejected Parvus's request to return to Russia, stating that "the cause of the revolution should not be touched by dirty hands". Parvus remained in Germany, becoming a wealthy industrialist and a political advisor to early leaders of the Weimar Republic. His career featured marked contrasts between his revolutionary activities, his intellectual contributions to Marxism, and his later affluence and political maneuvering, which have made him an enigmatic and highly controversial figure.

Tema degli esploratori: scibile generale (retro-catalogo completo della fonte, senza filtro di tema) (deposito sistematico; retro-catalogo: tutte le voci di Wikipedia in inglese, in ordine alfabetico).
Fonte: Wikipedia in inglese, voce «Alexander Parvus» — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Parvus
Wikidata Q57552: «rivoluzionario e politico russo» (dati Wikidata in CC0 1.0) — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57552
Autori: i contributori di Wikipedia (cronologia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Parvus?action=history).
Licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Il riuso richiede attribuzione e stessa licenza.
Estratto dell'introduzione non modificato nel contenuto; revisione 1383316160, consultata il 2026-11-08T07:40:49.403Z tramite l'API ufficiale di Wikipedia. Impronta SHA-256 dell'estratto: f1eba9f65ef8c2ba0d7c36846a31d7507348d78630d5e8e523e0ce50d415cd65