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Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma — Wikipedia (en)

Source: Wikipedia (en)
Original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma
License (as archived): CC-BY-SA-4.0
Archived: 2026-11-08T07:11:03.679Z
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Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma — Wikipedia (en) — Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma (CC-BY-SA-4.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_463544ab19d1 (Metraipolis archive dc_463544ab19d1, sha256 e6c5a6c6a4b2dfd45d07692daec7b48553df7d70c2d1b0cb4f404bda619a6cab)

BibTeX

@misc{dc463544ab19d1,
  title = {Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma — Wikipedia (en)},
  howpublished = {Wikipedia (en)},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma},
  note = {License CC-BY-SA-4.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_463544ab19d1; sha256 e6c5a6c6a4b2dfd45d07692daec7b48553df7d70c2d1b0cb4f404bda619a6cab},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC-BY-SA-4.0. Attribution: Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

Alexander Farnese (Italian: Alessandro Farnese, Spanish: Alejandro Farnesio; 27 August 1545 – 3 December 1592) was an Italian noble and military leader, who was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1586 to 1592, as well as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1578 to 1592. Nephew to King Philip II of Spain, he served in the Battle of Lepanto and the subsequent campaigns of the Holy League against the Ottoman Empire. He was later appointed general of the Spanish army during the Dutch revolt and its ramifications, serving in Netherlands, France and the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1592. Farnese was regarded by contemporaries and historians as the greatest general of his age, as well as one of the best in history, for his talents as a commander, strategist and diplomat. He held a high leadership over the soldiers and mercenaries of varied nationalities which composed the Spanish tercios, including Spaniards, Italians, Germans and Walloons. His campaigns marked Spain's greatest successes in the Eighty Years' War, giving the Spanish crown permanent control of the southern provinces, in the process establishing the cultural and religious separation which would eventually become the nation of Belgium. During the French Wars of Religion, he decisively relieved Paris for the Catholic League, and also intervened in the Cologne War, granting victory to Ernest of Bavaria. He was slated to direct the land invasion of the British isles in the maligned 1588 Spanish Armada, which failed to embark him and his Army of Flanders. British historian Edward Shepherd Creasy wrote about him: "happy it is for England and the world that this island was saved from becoming an arena for the exhibition of his powers".

Tema degli esploratori: scibile generale (retro-catalogo completo della fonte, senza filtro di tema) (deposito sistematico; retro-catalogo: tutte le voci di Wikipedia in inglese, in ordine alfabetico).
Fonte: Wikipedia in inglese, voce «Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma» — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma
Wikidata Q312903: «III duca di Parma e Piacenza, IV duca di Castro, militare al servizio della Spagna» (dati Wikidata in CC0 1.0) — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312903
Autori: i contributori di Wikipedia (cronologia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma?action=history).
Licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Il riuso richiede attribuzione e stessa licenza.
Estratto dell'introduzione non modificato nel contenuto; revisione 1381952432, consultata il 2026-11-08T07:05:10.458Z tramite l'API ufficiale di Wikipedia. Impronta SHA-256 dell'estratto: d7d26c242e8b21fdd83f08703aaac74d5de032026439d3a98c92e4702ceb2356