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1257 Samalas eruption — Wikipedia (en)

Source: Wikipedia (en)
Original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1257_Samalas_eruption
License (as archived): CC-BY-SA-4.0
Archived: 2026-10-07T19:56:37.224Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: 75e9c70b5a06990fe17ccc74af512b2e2541777c471b85729168d693bdb2ed94
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_39bf39db70ee

How to cite

1257 Samalas eruption — Wikipedia (en) — Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1257_Samalas_eruption (CC-BY-SA-4.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_39bf39db70ee (Metraipolis archive dc_39bf39db70ee, sha256 75e9c70b5a06990fe17ccc74af512b2e2541777c471b85729168d693bdb2ed94)

BibTeX

@misc{dc39bf39db70ee,
  title = {1257 Samalas eruption — Wikipedia (en)},
  howpublished = {Wikipedia (en)},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1257_Samalas_eruption},
  note = {License CC-BY-SA-4.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_39bf39db70ee; sha256 75e9c70b5a06990fe17ccc74af512b2e2541777c471b85729168d693bdb2ed94},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC-BY-SA-4.0. Attribution: Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1257_Samalas_eruption. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

In 1257, a catastrophic eruption occurred at Samalas, a volcano on the Indonesian island of Lombok. The event had a probable Volcanic Explosivity Index of 7, making it one of the largest volcanic eruptions during the Holocene epoch. It left behind a large caldera that contains Lake Segara Anak. Later volcanic activity created more volcanic centres in the caldera, including the Barujari cone, which remains active. The event created eruption columns reaching tens of kilometres into the atmosphere and pyroclastic flows that buried much of Lombok and crossed the sea to reach the neighbouring island of Sumbawa. The flows destroyed human habitations, including the city of Pamatan, which was the capital of a kingdom on Lombok. Ash from the eruption fell as far as 340 kilometres (210 mi) away in Java; the volcano deposited more than 10 cubic kilometres (2.4 cu mi) of rocks and ash. The aerosols injected into the atmosphere reduced the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface, causing a volcanic winter and cooling the atmosphere for several years. This led to famines and crop failures in Europe and elsewhere, although the exact scale of the temperature anomalies and their consequences is still debated. The eruption may have helped trigger the Little Ice Age, a centuries-long cold period during the last thousand years. Before the site of the eruption was known, an examination of ice cores around the world had detected a large spike in sulfate deposition from around 1257 providing strong evidence of a large volcanic eruption occurring at that time. In 2013, scientists linked the historical records about Mount Samalas to these spikes. These records were written by people who witnessed the event and recorded it on the Babad Lombok, a document written on palm leaves.

Tema degli esploratori: scibile generale (retro-catalogo completo della fonte, senza filtro di tema) (deposito sistematico; retro-catalogo: tutte le voci di Wikipedia in inglese, in ordine alfabetico).
Fonte: Wikipedia in inglese, voce «1257 Samalas eruption» — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1257_Samalas_eruption
Wikidata Q2535354 (dati Wikidata in CC0 1.0) — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2535354
Autori: i contributori di Wikipedia (cronologia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1257_Samalas_eruption?action=history).
Licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Il riuso richiede attribuzione e stessa licenza.
Estratto dell'introduzione non modificato nel contenuto; revisione 1378626308, consultata il 2026-10-07T19:19:10.417Z tramite l'API ufficiale di Wikipedia. Impronta SHA-256 dell'estratto: ebc46838f6b4f40c961c379d0e94abf27d3f6d3596f4ee9693c678586667126c