Metraipolis › archive › dc_33db1a8be188

Long-Term Exposure to Nitrate and Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Gastric Cancer: A Multicase-Control Study in Spain (MCC-Spain) — Europe PMC PMID:40233199

Source: Europe PMC (en)
Original: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40233199
DOI: 10.1289/ehp15039
License (as archived): CC0-1.0
Archived: 2026-10-06T10:16:51.401Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: 57dfd9bb2920f704b862256e335abb8833ddc7d70d9e35f4910a35b10e6d53fb
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_33db1a8be188

How to cite

Long-Term Exposure to Nitrate and Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Gastric Cancer: A Multicase-Control Study in Spain (MCC-Spain) — Europe PMC PMID:40233199 — Europe PMC (en), https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40233199 (CC0-1.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_33db1a8be188 (Metraipolis archive dc_33db1a8be188, sha256 57dfd9bb2920f704b862256e335abb8833ddc7d70d9e35f4910a35b10e6d53fb)

BibTeX

@misc{dc33db1a8be188,
  title = {Long-Term Exposure to Nitrate and Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Gastric Cancer: A Multicase-Control Study in Spain (MCC-Spain) — Europe PMC PMID:40233199},
  howpublished = {Europe PMC (en)},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40233199},
  note = {License CC0-1.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_33db1a8be188; sha256 57dfd9bb2920f704b862256e335abb8833ddc7d70d9e35f4910a35b10e6d53fb},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC0-1.0. Attribution: Europe PMC (en), https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40233199. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

Background: Disinfection byproducts and N -nitroso compounds (NOC) formed endogenously after nitrate ingestion have been shown to be carcinogenic in animal studies, but epidemiological evidence is limited, especially in relation to gastric cancer. Objective: We evaluated the association between drinking water exposure to nitrate and trihalomethanes (THMs) and gastric cancer in a multicase-control study conducted in Spain (MCC-Spain). Methods: In 2008-2013, 254 hospital-based incident gastric cancer cases and 2,365 population-based controls were recruited, providing information on residential histories and type of water consumed. Adult lifetime average nitrate and THM levels in residences from age 18 until 2 years before the interview were estimated and linked with water consumption information to calculate waterborne ingested nitrate, brominated (Br)-THMs, and chloroform. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression, with adjustment for potential confounders. We assessed the effect modification by factors influencing endogenous NOC formation. Results: Median [percentile 25th (P 25 )-percentile 75 (P 75 )] (P25-P75) lifetime waterborne ingested nitrate (mg/day), Br-THMs (μg/day), and chloroform (μg/day) were 2.7 (1.4-5.6), 3.8 (1.5-8.1), and 12.2 (4.0-23.7), respectively, in cases and 3.8 (1.8-8.5), 5.7 (2.6-19.2), and 12.9 (4.6-24.5) in controls, respectively. Adjusted OR (95% CI) for gastric cancer comparing nitrate intake >9.7 vs. ≤9.7mg/day (percentile 80th, P 80 ) was 1.42 (0.88, 2.29). This association was more pronounced among participants with low consumption of vegetables [2.24 (1.02, 4.91)], vitamin C [2.10 (0.94, 4.71)], and vitamin E [2.81 (1.16, 6.78)] and among those with high consumption of alcohol [2.78 (0.98, 7.93)] or processed meat [1.91 (0.97, 3.75)]. When stratified by age, the association only remained in the >65 years of age group (median 73 years of age). OR for gastric cancer comparing Br-THM ingestion ≥vs.80th<80th percentile was 0.65 (0.33, 1.28) and for chloroform was 1.36 (0.87, 2.14). Comparable ORs were found for residential concentrations. Conclusions: Long-term waterborne nitrate exposure below regulatory limits may increase gastric cancer risk among older adults and in those with poor dietary patterns. These findings need to be confirmed by cohort studies with larger sample sizes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15039.

Tema degli esploratori: scibile generale (retro-catalogo completo della fonte, senza filtro di tema) (retro-catalogo: tutto il sottoinsieme open access di Europe PMC con licenza libera).
Pubblicazione: Environmental health perspectives, 2025 (prima pubblicazione 2025-05-22).
Identificativi: PMID 40233199 · PMCID PMC12097535 · DOI 10.1289/ehp15039.
Descrittori MeSH principali: Stomach Neoplasms; Nitrates; Trihalomethanes; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Exposure; Drinking Water.
Pagina: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40233199 — https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15039. Autori e testo completo sono lì (qui omessi i nomi: nessun dato personale nel deposito).
Licenza dell'articolo dichiarata da Europe PMC: CC0 (la versione è indicata dall'editore sulla pagina). Abstract riportato senza modifiche al contenuto, con attribuzione; deposito marcato CC0.
Letto il 2026-10-06T09:45:27.614Z tramite l'API REST ufficiale di Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), nel rispetto del robots.txt e del crawl-delay.