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Amphetamine — Wikipedia (en)

Source: Wikipedia (en)
Original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine
License (as archived): CC-BY-SA-4.0
Archived: 2026-10-31T08:26:43.476Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: fb053eb34353c80efaacf5a645fd9503fa0ce15576629c042cf9a224872b00a4
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_110f9cf76bcd

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Amphetamine — Wikipedia (en) — Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine (CC-BY-SA-4.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_110f9cf76bcd (Metraipolis archive dc_110f9cf76bcd, sha256 fb053eb34353c80efaacf5a645fd9503fa0ce15576629c042cf9a224872b00a4)

BibTeX

@misc{dc110f9cf76bcd,
  title = {Amphetamine — Wikipedia (en)},
  howpublished = {Wikipedia (en)},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine},
  note = {License CC-BY-SA-4.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_110f9cf76bcd; sha256 fb053eb34353c80efaacf5a645fd9503fa0ce15576629c042cf9a224872b00a4},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC-BY-SA-4.0. Attribution: Wikipedia (en), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

Amphetamine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy; it is also used to treat binge eating disorder in the form of lisdexamfetamine. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is a prescription drug in many countries, and unauthorized possession and distribution of amphetamine are often tightly controlled due to the significant health risks associated with recreational use. Amphetamine was discovered as a chemical in 1887 by Lazăr Edeleanu, and then as a drug in the late 1920s. It exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. The first amphetamine pharmaceutical was Benzedrine. Pharmaceutical amphetamine is prescribed as racemic amphetamine, Adderall, dextroamphetamine, or lisdexamfetamine. Amphetamine increases monoamine and excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, with its most pronounced effects targeting the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitter systems. At therapeutic doses, amphetamine causes emotional and cognitive effects such as euphoria, change in desire for sex, increased wakefulness, and improved cognitive control. It induces physical effects such as improved reaction time, fatigue resistance, decreased appetite, elevated heart rate, and increased muscle strength. Larger doses of amphetamine may impair cognitive function and induce rapid muscle breakdown. Addiction is a serious risk with heavy recreational amphetamine use, but is unlikely to occur from long-term medical use at therapeutic doses. Very high doses can result in psychosis, which rarely occurs at therapeutic doses even during long-term use. Recreational doses are generally much larger than prescribed therapeutic doses and carry a far greater risk of serious side effects. Amphetamine belongs to the phenethylamine class. It is also the parent compound of its own structural class, the substituted amphetamines, which includes prominent substances such as bupropion, cathinone, MDMA, and methamphetamine. As a member of the phenethylamine class, amphetamine is also chemically related to the naturally occurring trace amine neuromodulators, specifically phenethylamine and N-methylphenethylamine, both of which are produced within the human body. Phenethylamine is the parent compound of amphetamine, while N-methylphenethylamine is a positional isomer of amphetamine that differs only in the placement of the methyl group.

Tema degli esploratori: scienze della vita e salute (deposito sistematico; ricerca «pharmacology»).
Fonte: Wikipedia in inglese, voce «Amphetamine» — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine
Wikidata Q179452: «farmaco con proprietà anoressizzanti e psicostimolanti» (dati Wikidata in CC0 1.0) — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179452
Autori: i contributori di Wikipedia (cronologia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine?action=history).
Licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Il riuso richiede attribuzione e stessa licenza.
Estratto dell'introduzione non modificato nel contenuto; revisione 1380638473, consultata il 2026-10-31T08:15:52.133Z tramite l'API ufficiale di Wikipedia. Impronta SHA-256 dell'estratto: 1b4fc0942408dcff83dec85a51adafb655b0812cf3d1b8388897157333c78176