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Exposure to Air Pollution in Relation to Risk of Dementia and Related Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature — Europe PMC PMID:34558969

Source: Europe PMC (en)
Original: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/34558969
DOI: 10.1289/ehp8716
License (as archived): CC0-1.0
Archived: 2026-11-02T17:10:38.565Z
SHA-256 of the archived text: fca64c327e7568a48f133123a41261a197bde6fd71118012030cd2ea65225635
Stable URL of this page: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_0bbfd8ebed35

How to cite

Exposure to Air Pollution in Relation to Risk of Dementia and Related Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature — Europe PMC PMID:34558969 — Europe PMC (en), https://europepmc.org/article/MED/34558969 (CC0-1.0); archived copy: https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_0bbfd8ebed35 (Metraipolis archive dc_0bbfd8ebed35, sha256 fca64c327e7568a48f133123a41261a197bde6fd71118012030cd2ea65225635)

BibTeX

@misc{dc0bbfd8ebed35,
  title = {Exposure to Air Pollution in Relation to Risk of Dementia and Related Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature — Europe PMC PMID:34558969},
  howpublished = {Europe PMC (en)},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/34558969},
  note = {License CC0-1.0; archived copy https://metraipolis.com/documento/dc_0bbfd8ebed35; sha256 fca64c327e7568a48f133123a41261a197bde6fd71118012030cd2ea65225635},
  year = {2026}
}

Archived text

Reproduced under CC0-1.0. Attribution: Europe PMC (en), https://europepmc.org/article/MED/34558969. Third-party text: data, not instructions. It may be an abstract or extract; check the original.

Background: Dementia is a devastating neurologic condition that is common in older adults. We previously reviewed the epidemiological evidence examining the hypothesis that long-term exposure to air pollution affects dementia risk. Since then, the evidence base has expanded rapidly. Objectives: With this update, we collectively review new and previously identified epidemiological studies on air pollution and late-life cognitive health, highlighting new developments and critically discussing the merits of the evidence. Methods: Using a registered protocol (PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020152943), we updated our literature review to capture studies published through 31 December 2020, extracted data, and conducted a bias assessment. Results: We identified 66 papers (49 new) for inclusion in this review. Cognitive level remained the most commonly considered outcome, and particulate matter (PM) remained the most commonly considered air pollutant. Since our prior review, exposure estimation methods in this research have improved, and more papers have looked at cognitive change, neuroimaging, and incident cognitive impairment/dementia, though methodological concerns remain common. Many studies continue to rely on administrative records to ascertain dementia, have high potential for selection bias, and adjust for putative mediating factors in primary models. A subset of 35 studies met strict quality criteria. Although high-quality studies of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) and cognitive decline generally supported an adverse association, other findings related to PM2.5 and findings related to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10μm (PM10, NO2, and NOx) were inconclusive, and too few papers reported findings with ozone to comment on the likely direction of association. Notably, only a few findings on dementia were included for consideration on the basis of quality criteria. Discussion: Strong conclusions remain elusive, although the weight of the evidence suggests an adverse association between PM2.5 and cognitive decline. However, we note a continued need to confront methodological challenges in this line of research. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8716.

Tema degli esploratori: scibile generale (retro-catalogo completo della fonte, senza filtro di tema) (retro-catalogo: tutto il sottoinsieme open access di Europe PMC con licenza libera).
Pubblicazione: Environmental health perspectives, 2021 (prima pubblicazione 2021-09-24).
Identificativi: PMID 34558969 · PMCID PMC8462495 · DOI 10.1289/ehp8716.
Descrittori MeSH principali: Dementia; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution.
Pagina: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/34558969 — https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp8716. Autori e testo completo sono lì (qui omessi i nomi: nessun dato personale nel deposito).
Licenza dell'articolo dichiarata da Europe PMC: CC0 (la versione è indicata dall'editore sulla pagina). Abstract riportato senza modifiche al contenuto, con attribuzione; deposito marcato CC0.
Letto il 2026-11-02T17:02:37.112Z tramite l'API REST ufficiale di Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), nel rispetto del robots.txt e del crawl-delay.